Wood-based materials have been explored by humans for a long time. However, their applications in some cutting-edge fields remain limited due to their inhomogeneous structure and mediocre performances. In our previous studies, we developed various methods to modify wood cell wall structure, including delignification, in-situ dissolution and regeneration of cellulose nanofibers, cellulose crystalline regulation, nanomaterials modification, and defect-induced carbonization. These methods greatly enhanced the mechanical performance, stimuli responsiveness, and electrocatalytic properties of wood materials. Specifically, the delignification combined with cellulose nanostructure regulation increased the specific surface area of cell wall interfaces and cellulose crystallinity, leading to stronger hydrogen bonding after totally densification. The delignification combined with magnetic nanoparticles modification enhances the magnetic responsiveness of wood. After magnetization, the treated wood could rotate in a rotating magnetic field, allowing for controlled movement like an intelligent robot. Finally, we discovered that the carbon defects existed in carbonized wood (below 1000 oC) can induce the high-entropy alloy nanoparticles nucleation, providing a potential solution to the instability of wood-based electrodes in energy conversion reactions. Our studies demonstrate the potential of wood for mechanically strong, magnetically responsive, and electrocatalytic materials, expanding their applications in next-generation green buildings, intelligent robots, and clean energy production.