3.6 Betulin epoxide polymer for coatings 

The growing demand for sustainable alternatives to petrochemical-based epoxy resins has led to the development of bio-based systems. This study introduces a new synthesis method using betulin from birch bark to produce high-value polymeric resins. A novel betulin-derived epoxide (BOE) was synthesized and combined with epoxidized rapeseed oil (ERO), then thermally cured with seven anhydrides […]

3.2 Enzymatic grafting of ferulic acid to cellulose fibers for the production of bioactive functional foams

With more and more prominence on the green transition, it is becoming increasingly important to find holistic resource efficient processes to replace traditional fossil-based systems. One such industry is the polymer foam industry which today relies heavily on polystyrene, polyurethane, polyethylene etc. which are synthesized from petroleum. Naturally, these foams are non-biodegradable and derived from […]

5.2 Nacre-inspired Composite Films Based on Cellulose Nanofibrils

The cellulose is the most abundant natural based polymer materials, has the advantages of renewable and biodegradable. The extraction process of cellulose into nanocellulose via up-bottom design strategy could afford high-performance to the materials. Cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) are flexible, high-strength fibrils disintegrated from chemical wood pulp fibers, with typical diameters in the 3-10 nm range […]

4.3 Hierarchical wood structures for smart and functional materials

Wood is a hierarchically structural material with highly porous characteristics. However, it has not targeted on structural design in precise nanostructured control of the wood cell wall, which could extend the multiple functionalities range. Recently, emerging nanotechnologies have been explored the great potentials of wood to smart and functional materials. Wood nanotechnologies and cell wall […]

5.4 Multifunctional Cellulosic Films: Sustainable Engineering and Modification Strategies

This work presents innovative strategies for engineering cellulose-based films with tailored functionalities, integrating physical structuring, chemical modification, and waste valorization to maximize resource efficiency. We introduce three key approaches: (1) Micropatterning via dewatering grids, enabling precise three-dimensional structuring of cellulose nanofibril (CNF) films. This method allows for tunable wettability, optical modulation, and enhanced tactile properties, […]

3.4 Suberin-based aqueous dispersions for barrier packaging applications

Barriers and coatings are commonly used as protective layers of consumables such as food and liquid packages1,2, however, currently harnessed conventional barrier layers are predominantly made from fossil-based polymers, with increasing global consumption causing concerns related to climate change. Therefore, bio-based barriers and coatings are urgently needed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and our dependency […]

6.1 Oxidation of phenolic lignin model dimers by new fungal polyphenol oxidases

A newly recognized class of single-domain polyphenol oxidases (PPOs) in ascomycetes, termed short PPOs, can sequentially hydroxylate and oxidize guaiacyl- and, in some cases, syringyl-type compounds, leading to oxidative demethoxylation of the latter [1]. Their activity on lignin-derived compounds is novel among PPOs and the catalyzed reaction differs from canonical lignin-active oxidoreductases like laccases and […]

5.6 High-performance biodegradable nanocellulose-based packaging produced by Roll-to-Roll

A biodegradable and transparent flexible food packaging material using a nanocellulose-based biocomposite was developed. The formulation consists of nanocellulose (NC), chitosan (CS), gelatin (Gel), citrate ester (CE), and glycerol (GL), carefully designed to enhance mechanical properties, flexibility, and barrier performance while maintaining full biodegradability and transparency. Nanocellulose provides structural integrity and an ultra-low oxygen transmission […]