Plant cell suspension cultures provide a powerful and versatile platform for studying cellular processes and metabolic pathways in a controlled environment. Their manipulability enables targeted investigations into key physiological mechanisms, including carbon dioxide (CO2) uptake, a crucial step in photosynthesis. Enhancing these cultures with functional materials, such as nanoparticles, hold promise for improving CO2 capture and biomass production, offering new opportunities in plant biotechnology.Building on previous in vivo studies showing that green-fluorescent chitosan-modified polyethyleneimine (gPEI-Chi) nanoparticles can cross cellular membranes and localize near chloroplasts, we here investigate their application in Arabidopsis thaliana root cell suspension cultures and their effect on CO2 uptake and usage. Our results reveal that gPEI-Chi nanoparticles exhibit strong natural affinity for the plant cell wall and can penetrate living cells within three days of their introduction into the culture. Importantly, their presence does not impede cell growth, further validating their biocompatibility.Preliminary findings suggest that nanoparticle-treated cultures exhibit increased dry mass and chlorophyll content, indicating potential enhancement in CO2 capture and metabolic activity. Moreover, repeated exposure to these nanoparticles led to progressive cell aggregation and potential modifications in cell wall architecture. Confocal imaging revealed rigid, shell-like structures around cells, suggesting increased cell wall thickness or cellulose deposition. Additionally, protoplast extraction experiments showed that nanoparticles pre-treated cells regenerated cell walls more rapidly than controls, suggesting a role of the nanoparticles in facilitating cell wall reconstruction.These findings, along with the observed increased in chlorophyll content, suggest that gPEI-Chi nanoparticles may enhance intracellular CO2 diffusion and photosynthetic efficiency, making them a promising tool for modulating CO2 uptake in plant cell suspension cultures. This work opens new opportunities to explore their mechanistic effects and potential applications in plant biotechnology and carbon sequestration strategies, to ultimately leverage plant cell suspension cultures as living materials for sustainability.